Cesko.wiki De Jussieuův systém
Author
Albert FloresDe Jussieuův systém je prvním rozsáhlým taxonomickým systémem rostlin. Systém publikoval v roce 1789 Antoine Laurent de Jussieu v knize Genera Plantarum, secundum ordines naturales disposita juxta methodum in Horto Regio Parisiensi exaratam (někdy se název díla zkracuje na "Genera Plantarum").
Systém je v současnosti sice už dávno překonán, ale mnohé důležité základy tohoto systému se používají i v moderních systémech. V 18. +more století ještě nebyl vytvořen Mezinárodní kód botanické nomenklatury, proto tento starý systém má některá pravidla, na která dnes už nejsme zvyklí. Například termín "ordo" znamená ve skutečnosti čeleď, nikoliv řád v dnešním smyslu. Mnohé čeledi uveřejněné v tomto díle se používají dodnes, pouze se upravilo jméno čeledi podle pozdějších pravidel nomenklatury. Např. Cyperoidae bylo upraveno na Cyperaceae Juss. a bylo v této podobě konzervováno. Podobně u dalších čeledí.
De Jussieu řadí rostliny systematicky podle mnoha znaků. Rozděluje je na bezděložné, kam řadí houby, řasy, játrovky, mechy, kapradiny, cykasy, dále rozlišuje jednoděložné a dvouděložné. +more Dvouděložné dále dělí podle toho, zda mají či nemají korunu a pokud mají, tak zda mají korunní lístky volné a srostlé, také klade důraz na znak, zda má rostlina květy oboupohlavné nebo jednopohlavné. Zajímavostí je zařazení jehličnanů mezi dvouděložné rostliny.
Systém
Acotyledones
I. Acotyledones (bezlodyžné) *::Classe 1. +more *:::Ordo 1. Fungi *::::Genus: Mucor, Lycoperdon, Tuber, Clathrus, Phalus, Boletus, Helvella, Peziza, Cantharellus, Amanita, Suillus, Hydnum, Agaricus, Merulius, Auricularia, Hericius, Clavaria. *:::Ordo 2. Algae *::::Genus: Byssus, Conferva, Tremella, Ulva, Fucus, Cyathus, Hypoxylum, Sphaeria, Lichen. *:::Ordo 3. Hepaticae *::::Genus: Riccia, Blasia, Anthoceros, Targionia, Jungermannia, Marchantia. *:::Ordo 4. Musci *::::Genus: Splachnum, Polytrichum, Mnium, Hypnum, Fontinalis, Bryum, Phascum, Buxbaumia, Sphagnum, Porella, Lycopodium. *:::Ordo 5. Filices *::::Genus: Ophioglossum, Onoclea, Osmunda, Acrostichum, Polypodium, Asplenium, Hemionitis, Elechnum, Lonchitis, Pteris, Myriotheca, Adiantum, Darea, Trichomanes, Zamia, Cycas, Pilularia, Lemma, Salvinia, Oetes, Quisetum. *:::Ordo 6. Naiades *::::Genus: Hippuris, Chara, Ceratophyllum, Myriophyllum, Naias, Saururus, Aponogeton, Potamogeton, Ruppia, Zanichellia, Callitriche, Lenticula.
Monocotyledones
II. Monocotyledones (jednoděložné) *::Classe 2. +more *:::Ordo 7. Aroideae *::::Genus: Ambrosinia, Zostera, Arum, Calla, Dracontium, Pothos, Houttuynia, Orontium, Acorus. *:::Ordo 8. Typhae *::::Genus: Typha, Sparganium. *:::Ordo 9. Cyperoideae *::::Genus: Carex, Fuirena, Schaenus, Gahnia, Eriophorum, Scirpus, Thryocephalum, Killingia, Mapania, Chrysitrix. *:::Ordo 10. Gramineae *::::Genus: Cinna, Anthoxanthum, Bobartia, Aristida, Alopecurus, Phleum, Phalaris, Paspalum, Digitaria, Panicum, Milium, Agrostis, Stipa, Lagurus, Saccharum, Holcus, Andropogon, Anthistiria, Spinifex, Ischaemum, Tripsacum, Cenchrus, Aegilops, Rottbollia, Aira, Melica, Dactylis, Sesleria, Cynosurus, Lolium, Elymus, Hordeum, Triticum, Secale, Bromus, Festuca, Poa, Uniola, Briza, Avena, Arundo, Oryza, Erharta, Zizania, Uziola, Ardus, Ygeum, Apluda, Zea, Pharus, Olyra, Cornucopiae, Coix, Manisuris, Pommereulla, Remirea, Nastus, Pariana e outros. *::Classe 3. *:::Ordo 11. Palmae *::::Genus: Calamus, Phaenix, Areca, Elate, Cocos, Elais, Caryota, Nipa, Corypha, Licuala, Latania, Lontarus, Chamaerops, Mauritia. *:::Ordo 12. Asparagi *::::Genus: Dracaena, Dianella, Hipogonum, Flagellaria, Asparagus, Callixene, Philesia, Medeola, Trillium, Paris, Convallaria, Ruscus, Smilax, Dioscorea, Tamnus, Rajania. *:::Ordo 13. Junci *::::Genus: Eriocaulum, Restio, Xyris, Aphyllantes, Juncus, Rapatea, Pollia, Callisia, Commelina, Tradescantia, Butomus, Damasonium, Alisma, Sagittaria, Cabomba, Scheuchzeria, Triglochin, Arthecium, Elonias, Veratrum, Colchicum. *:::Ordo 14. Lilia *::::Genus: Tulipa, Erythronium, Methonica, Uvularia, Fritillaria, Lialis. *:::Ordo 15. Bromeliae *::::Genus: Burmannia, Tillandsia, Xerophyta, Bromelia, Agave. *:::Ordo 16. Asphodeli *::::Genus: Aletris, Aloe, Anthericum, Phalangium, Asphodelus, Basilaea, Hyacinthus, Phormium, Massonia, Cyanella, Albuca, Scilla, Ornithogalum, Allium. *:::Ordo 17. Narcissi *::::Genus: Gethyllis, Bulbocodium, Hemerocallis, Crinum, Tulbagia, Haemanthus, Amaryllis, Pancratium, Narcissus, Leucoium, Galanthus, Hypoxis, Pontederia, Polianthes, Alstroemeria, Tacca. *:::Ordo 18. Irides *::::Genus: Galaxia, Sisyrinchium, Tigridia, Ferraria, Iris, Moraea, Ixia, Cipura, Watsonia, Gladiolus, Antholysa, Witsenia, Tapeinia, Crocus, Xiphidium, Wachendorfia, Dilatris, Argolasia. *::Classe 4. *:::Ordo 19. Musae *::::Genus: Musa, Heliconia, Ravenala. *:::Ordo 20. Cannae *::::Genus: Catimbium, Canna, Globba, Myrosma, Amomum, Costus, Alpinia, Maranta, Thalia, Curcuma, Kaempferia. *:::Ordo 21. Orchideae *::::Genus: Orchis, Satyrium, Ophrys, Serapias, Limodorum, Thelymitra, Disa, Cypripedium, Bipinnula, Arethusa, Fogonia, Epidendrum, Vanilla. *:::Ordo 22. Hydrocharides *::::Genus: Vallisneria, Stratiotes, Hydrocharis, Nynphaea, Nelumbium, Trapa, Proserpinaca, Pistia.
Dicotyledones
III. Dicotyledones (dvouděložné) *:A. +more Monoclinae (jednodomé, květy oboupohlavné) *:a) Apetalae (bezkorunné) *::Classe 5. *:::Ordo 23. Aristolochiae *::::Genus: Aristolochia, Asarum, Cytinus. *::Classe 6. *:::Ordo 24. Elaeagni *::::Genus: Thesium, Quinchamalium, Osyris, Fusanus, Hippophae, Elaeagnus, Nyssa, Conocarpus, Bucida, Terminalia, Chuncoa, Pamea, Tanibouca. *:::Ordo 25. Thymelaeae *::::Genus: Dirca, Lagetta, Daphne, Passerina, Stellera, Struthiola, Lachnea, Dais, Gnidia, Nectandra, Quisqualis. *:::Ordo 26. Proteae *::::Genus: Protea, Banksia, Roupala, Brabeium, Embothrium. *:::Ordo 27. Lauri *::::Genus: Laurus, Ocotea, Ajovea, Myristica, Virola, Hernandia. *:::Ordo 28. Polygoneae *::::Genus: Coccoloba, Atraphaxis, Polygonum, Rumex, Rheum, Triplaris, Calligonum, Pallasia, Koenigia. *:::Ordo 29. Atripleces *::::Genus: Phytolacca, Rivinia, Salvadora, Bosea, Petiveria, Polycnemum, Camphorosma, Galenia, Basella, Anredera, Anabasis, Caroxylum, Salsola, Spinacia, Acnida, Beta, Chenopodium, Atriplex, Crucita, Axyris, Blitum, Ceratocarpus, Salicornia, Coryspermum. *::Classe 7. *:::Ordo 30. Amaranthi *::::Genus: Amaranthus, Celosia, Aerua, Digera, Iresine, Achyranthes, Gomphrena, Illecebrum, Paronychia, Herniaria. *:::Ordo 31. Plantagines *::::Genus: Psyllium, Plantago, Littorella. *:::Ordo 32. Nyctagines *::::Genus: Nyctago, Boerhaavia, Pisonia, Buginvillaea. *:::Ordo 33. Plumbagines *::::Genus: Plumbago, Statice. *:b) Monopetalae (srostloplátečné, korunní lístky srostlé) *::Classe 8. *:::Ordo 34. Lysimachiae *::::Genus: Centunculus, Anagallis, Lysimachia, Hottonia, Coris, Sheffieldia, Limosella, Trientalis, Aretia, Androsace, Primula, Cortusa, Soldanella, Dodecatheon, Cyclamen, Globularia, Conobea, Tozzia, Samolus, Utricularia, Pinguicula, Menyanthes. *:::Ordo 35. Pediculares *::::Genus: Polygala, Veronica, Sibthorpia, Disandra, Ourisia, Piripea, Erinus, Manulea, Castilleia, Euphrasia, Buchnera, Bartsia, Pedicularis, Rhinananthus, Melampyrum, Hyobanche, Obolaria, Orobanche, Lathraea. *:::Ordo 36. Acanthi *::::Genus: Acanthus, Dilivaria, Blepharis, Thumbergia, Barleria, Ruellia, Justicia, Dianthera. *:::Ordo 37. Jasmineae *::::Genus: Nyctanthes, Lilac, Hebe, Fraxinus, Chionanthus, Olea, Phyllirea, Mogorium, Jasminum, Ligustrum. *:::Ordo 38. Vitices *::::Genus: Clerodendrum, Volkameria, Aegiphila, Vitex, Callicarpa, Manabea, Premna, Petitia, Cornutia, Gmelina, Theca, Avicennia, Petraea, Citharexilum, Duranta, Verbena, Eranthemum, Selago, Hebenstretia, etc. *:::Ordo 39. Labiatae *::::Genus: Lycopus, Amethystea, Cunila, Ziziphora, Monarda, Rosmarinus, Salvia, Colinsonia, Bugula, Teucrium, Satureia, Nepeta, Lavandula, Mentha, Lamium, Galeopsis, Betonica, Stachys, Ballota, Marribium, Leonurus, Phlomis, Molucella, Origanum, Clinopodium, Thymus, Dracocephalum, Horminum, Mellitis, Germanea, Ocimum, Trichostema, Brunella Scutellaria, etc. *:::Ordo 40. Scrophulariae *::::Genus: Buddleia, Scoparia, Russelia, Capraria, Stemodia, Halleria, Galvezia, Achimenes, Scrophularia, Matourea, Dodartia, Gerardia, Cymbaria, Linaria, Antirrhinum, Hemimeris, Digitalis, Paederota, Calceolaria, Baea, Columnea, Besleria, Cyrtandra, Gratiola, Torenia, Vandellia, Lindernia, Mimulus, Polypremum, Montira, Chwalbea, Schwenkia, Browallia. *:::Ordo 41. Solaneae *::::Genus: Celsia, Verbascum, Hyoscyamus, Nicotiana, Datura, Triguera, Jaborosa, Mandragora, Atropa, Nicandra, Physalis, Aquartia, Solanum, Capsicum, Lycium, Cestrum, Bontia, Brunfelsia, Crescentia. *:::Ordo 42. Borragineae (Boragineae) *::::Genus: Patagonula, Cordia, Ehretia, Menais, Arronia, Ournefortia, Hydrophillum, Phacelia, Ellisia, Dichondra, Messerschmidia, Cerinthe, Coldenia, Heliotropium, Echium, Lithospermum, Pulmonaria, Onosma, Symphytum, Lycopsis, Myosotis, Anchusa, Borrago, Asperugo, Cynoglossum, Nolana, Siphonanthus, Falkia. *:::Ordo 43. Convolvuli *::::Genus: Maripa, Mouroucoa, Retzia, Convolvulus, Ipomaea, Evolvulus, Nama, Hydrolea, Sagonea, Cressa, Cuscuta, Diapensia, Loeselia. *:::Ordo 44. Polemonia *::::Genus: Phlox, Polemonium, Cantua, Hoitzia. *:::Ordo 45. Bignoniae *::::Genus: Chelone, Sesamum, Incarvillea, Millingtonia, Jacaranda, Catalpa, Tecoma, Bignonia, Tourretia, Martynia, Craniolaria, Pedalium. *:::Ordo 46. Gentianae *::::Genus: Gentiana, Vohiria, Coutoubea, Swertia, Chlora, Exacum, Lisianthus, Tachia, Chironia, Nigrina, Spigelia, Ophiorrhiza, Potalia. *:::Ordo 47. Apocineae *::::Genus: Vinca, Matelea, Ochrosia, Tabernaemontana, Cameraria, Plumeria, Nerium, Echites, Ceropegia, Pergularia, Stapelia, Periploca, Apocinum, Cynanchum, Asclepias, Ambelania, Pacouria, Allamanda, Melodinus, Gynopogon, Raulvolfia, Ophioxylon, Cerbera, Carissa, Strychnos, Theophrasta, Anasser, Fagraea, Gelsemium. *:::Ordo 48. Sapoteae *::::Genus: Jacquinia, Manglilla, Sideroxilum, Bassia, Mimusops, Imbricaria, Chrysophyllum, Lucuma, Achras, Myrsine, Inocarpus, Olax, Leea. *::Classe 9. Corola perigínica (quando a corola se insere à volta do nível do ovário) *:::Ordo 49. Guaiacanae *::::Genus: Diospyros, Royena, Pouteria, Styrax, Halesia, Alstonia, Symplocos, Ciponima, Paralea, Hopea. *:::Ordo 50. Rhododendra *::::Genus: Kalmia, Rhododendrum, Azalea, Rhodora, Ledum, Befaria, Itea. *:::Ordo 51. Ericae *::::Genus: Cyrilla, Blaeria, Erica, Andromeda, Arbutus, Clethra, Pyrola, Epigaea, Epacris, Gaultheria, Brossaea, Argophyllum, Vaccinium, Empetrum, Hudsonia. *:::Ordo 52. Campanulaceae *::::Genus: Ceratostema, Forgesia, Mindium, Canarina, Campanula, Trachelium, Roella, Gesneria, Cyphia, Scaevola, Phyteuma, Lobelia. *::Classe 10. *:::Ordo 53. Cichoraceae *::::Genus: Lampsana, Rhagadiolus, Prenanthes, Chondrilla, Lactuca, Sonchus, Hieracium, Crepis, Drepania, Hedypnois, Hyoseris, Taraxacum, Leontodon, Picris, Helmintia, Scorzonera, Tragopogon, Urospermum, Geropogon, Hypochaeris, etc. *:::Ordo 54. Cinarocephalae *::::Genus: Atractulis, Cnicus, Carthamus, Carlina, Arctium, Carduus, Crocodilium, Calcitrapa, Seridia, Jacea, Cyanus, Zoegea, Rhaponticum, Centaurea, Pacourina, Serratula, Pteronia, Staehelina, Jungia, Nassauvia, Gundelia, Echinops, Corymbium, Sphaeranthus, etc. *:::Ordo 55. Corymbiferae *::::Genus: Kuhnia, Cacalia, Eupatorium, Ageratum, Elephantopus, Chuquiraga, Mutisia, Barnadesia, Xeranthemum, Gnaphalium, Filago, Leysera, Shawia, Seriphium, Staebe, Conyza, Baccharis, Chrysocoma, Erigeron, Aster, Inula, Tussilago, Senesio, Tagetes, Doronicum, Calendula, Chrysanthemum, Pectis, Bellium, Arnica, Gorteria, Matricaria, Bellis, Cotula, Adenostemma, Struchium, Grangea, Ethulia, Carpesium, Hippia, Tanacetum, Artemisia, Tarchonanthus, Calea, Athanasia, Micropus, Santolina, Anacyclus, Anthemis, Achillea, Eriocephalus, Buphtalmum, Osmites, Encelia, Sclerocarpus, Unxia, Flaveria, Milleria, Sigesbeckia, Polymnia, Baltimora, Eclipta, Spilanthus, Bidens, Verbesina, Coreopsis, Zinnia, Ballieria, Silphium, Melampodium, Chrysogonum, Helianthus, Helenium, Rudbeckia, Tithonia, Galardia, Wedelia, Oedera, Agriphyllum, Arctotis, Tridax, Amellus, Pardisium, Ceruana, Iva, Clibadium, Parthenium, Ambrosia, Xanthium, Nephelium, etc. *::Classe 11. *:::Ordo 56. Dipsaceae *::::Genus: Morina, Dipsacus, Scabiosa, Knautia, Allionia, Valeriana, etc. *:::Ordo 57. Rubiaceae *::::Genus: Sherardia, Asperula, Gallium, Crucianella, Valantia, Rubia, Anthospermum, Houstonia, Knoxia, Spermacoce, Diodia, Galopina, Richardia, Phyllis, Hedyotis, Oldenlandia, Carphalea, Coccocipsilum, Gomozia, Petesia, Catesbaea, Portalandia, Bellonia, Virecta, Macrocnemum, Bertiera, Dentella, Mussaenda, Cinchona, Tocoyena, Posoqueria, Rondeletia, Genipa, Gardenia, Coutarea, Hillia, Duroia, Chomelia, Pavetta, Ixora, Coussarea, Malanea, Antirhea, Chimarrhis, Chiococca, Psychotria, Coffea, Canthium, Erithalis, Laugeria, Guettarda, Psathura, Myonima, Pyrostria, Vangueria, Mathiola, Mitchella, Canephora, Patabea, Evea, Tapogomea, Morinda, Nauclea, Cephalanthus, Serissa, Pagamea, Faramea, Hydrophylax, etc. *:::Ordo 58. Caprifolia *::::Genus: Triosteum, Symphocarpos, Diervilla, Xylosteum, Caprifolium, Hortensia, Sambucus, Cornus, Hedera, etc. *:c) Polypetalae (volnoplátečné, korunní lístky nejsou srostlé) *::Classe 12. *:::Ordo 59. Araliae *::::Genus: Gastonia, Polyscias, Aralia, Cussonia, Panax. *:::Ordo 60. Umbelliferae *::::Genus: Aegopodium, Tapsia, Seseli, Imperatoria, Chaerophyllum, Scandix, Coriandrum, Cutaria, Ammi, Daucus, Caucalis, Tordylium, Hasselquistia, Artedia, Buplevrum, Eryngium, Bolax, Hydrocotyle, Azorella, Lagoecia, Heracleum, Peucedamum, Drusa, Mulinum, Selinum, Angelica, Laserpitum, etc. *::Classe 13. *:::Ordo 61. Ranunculaceae *::::Genus: Clematis, Atragene, Thalictrum, Hydrastis, Anemone, Hamadryas, Adonis, Ranunculus, Ficaria, Myosurus, Trollius, Helleborus, Isopyrum, Nigella, Garidella, Aquilegia, Delphinium, Aconitum, Caltha, Paeonia, Zanthorhiza, Cimicifuga, Actaea, Podophyllum. *:::Ordo 62. Papaveraceae *::::Genus: Sanguinaria, Argemone, Papaver, Glaucium, Chelidonium, Bocconia, Hypecoum, Fumaria. *:::Ordo 63. Cruciferae *::::Genus: Raphanus, Sinapis, Brassica, Turritis, Arabis, Hesperis, Heliophila, Cheiranthus, Erysimum, Sisymbrium, Dentaria, Clypeola, Alyssum, Subularia, Draba, Cochlearia, Iberis, Crambe, Isatis, etc. *:::Ordo 64. Capparides *::::Genus: Cleome, Cadaba, Capparis, Sodada, Crateva, Morisonia, Durio, Marcgravia, Norantea, Reseda, Drosera, Parnassia, etc. *:::Ordo 65. Sapindi *::::Genus: Cardiospermum, Paullinia, Sapindus, Talisia, Aporetica, Schmidelia, Ornitrophe, Euphoria, Melicocca, Toulicia, Trigonis, Molinaea, Cossignia, Matayba, Enourea, Cupania, Pekea. *:::Ordo 66. Acera *::::Genus: Aesculus, Acer, Hippocratea, Thryallis. *:::Ordo 67. Malpighiae *::::Genus: Banisteria, Triopteris, Malpighia, Trigonia, Erythroxylum. *:::Ordo 68.
Incertae sedis
A) Monopetalae. (srostloplátečné, korunní lístky srostlé) :Genus: Willichia, Maba, Stilbe, Amasonia, Simbuleta, Galipaea, Mescharia, Penaea, Eriphia, Tarpura, Baslovia, Geniostoma, Galax, Badula, Doraena, Porana, Moutabea, Ropourea, Weigela, Bladhia, Lerchea, Raputia, Monniera, Saraca, Codon, Ceodes, Phyllachne, Forstera, Chloranthus, Pongatium.
B) Polypetalae. (volnoplátečné, korunní lístky volné) :Genus: Qualea, Vochisia, Dialium, Salacia, Gevuina, Orixa, Skimmia, Krameria, Dobera, Azima, Melicytus, Pennantia, Ruyschia, Souroubea, Commersonia, Aldrovanda, Schefflera, Lindera, Soulamea, Nandina, Melicope, Sassia, Margaritaria, Clausena, Barbylus, Codia, Monotropa, Dionaea, Hippomanica, Ouratea, Crinodendrum, Deutzia, Agathophyllum, Calinea, Caraipa, Vantanea, Touroulia, Vallea, Mahurea, Houmiria, Trilix, Sarracenia, Caryocar, Temus, Aphyteia, Tontelea, Strumpfia, Adenia, Begonia. +more C) Apetalae hermafrodita. (bezkorunné oboupohlavné) :Genus: Meborea, Cometes, Amanoa, Capura, Scopolia, Aniba, Plegorhiza, Anavinga, Aquilaria, Samyda, Cassytha, Tomex, Tounatea, Seguieria, Maerua, Ablania, Mourera, Coriaria, Mniarum, Catonia, Gonocarpus, Linconia, Trewia.
D) Apetalae diclinae. (bezkorunné, květy jednopohlavné) :Genus: Ascarina, Glochidion, Meryta, Trophis, Batis, Antidesma, Tonina, Siparuna, Myroxylon, Nephentes, Quillaja, Pandanus, Balanophora, Cynomorium, Datisca.
Odkazy
Reference
Související články
Seznam systémů taxonomie rostlin
Externí odkazy
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